Concerning the penetration and the use of the Internet data remains incomplete, in some countries we have only “guestmates”. Can this statement apply to Morocco? Think of the exercise we did in class:       Through the exercice we did in class about the findings of ANRT concerning the use of ICT in Morocco we saw that its results and measures are solid and accurate. The indicators used by ANRT reports are very accurate and realable because they give accurate and sure data findings. Through those reports we saw that ANRT was giving detailed information about the number of cyber cafes, acess to internet, compuer users, and the diferent way to acess to internet in Morocco including houshol, public and private spaces which is very good to come up with realable findings. The graphs in those reports are very interesting to make us understand more deeply about the use of ICT tools in Morocco. Those reports and analysis are very meanigful because they studied the issue form diferent angles which proovs that the satement of “Internet data remains incomplete” is not true. However, they are relevant and they give us accurate and appropriate data that will give us a specific idea about the use of  internet in MoroccoWhat does the digital divide mean for you?§  Degital divid is devided into two categories of poeple those who have acess to information technology sich us (television radio internet..) and those who does not have acess to those information dechnology.§  Degital devide can be devided into poeople in cities and people in rural areas. Because we can that a lot of poeple in rural areas fo not have acess to internet or televion while people in cities do have acess§  Degital devide also means educated and undesucated people. Because undeducated people are not able to have acess to the new information technology. However, educated poeple have this provelage to acess to the new ICTs§  Degital devid inequelity of acess to communication and information between citizens   How can we measure the digital divide in Morocco?To measure the degital divide in Morocco we need to focuss on the most important criteria to make this measurement.We need to defince; human competencies, level of education of the Moroccan citizens, acess to ICT technolgies and the Informtion Technology profesionals. The indicatrs that needs to be used for this measurement are:·         Television acess for moroccan and also those who do not use or do not have acess to television medium in urban and rural areas·         Internet Acess: Those who acess to internet and those who do not. We should keep in mind bothh rural and urban areas and litterate and illeretate people.·         Mobile Phone acess: Thise who use phone and those who do not in rural and urban areas·         Computer availability: leasure the computer aailabilty and skills according to gender and previous indicators. ·         On line public services: Number of cybers cafes in Morocco ·         ICT equipement in public and private administrations            Those indicators need to measured according to Gender, the size of housholds, races, languages, place because they are considered important indicators to measure the digital devide in Morocco.    How can we bridge the digital divide in Morocco?     To bridge the digital divide in Morocco we need:·         Install computer in isolated areas because this will help to rise computer leateracy among Moroccans .·         Awarness programs in rural areas infesizing on the ICT technologies and how they are helping in facilitating the acess to informarmation.·         Cheap Internet cyber cafes that will incourage Moroccan citizens to use this ICT tool and also to make them curious and moro motivated to learn how to use and navigate through the internet.·         Integrate the Multimidia lab in All Moroccan pulic shools and make it as a mandatory class in order to make students aware of the new information technology and let them use it and learn it.

·         Cheap mobile acess and also include mobile networks in all rural areas in Morocco to give them the opportunity and acess to use the mobile phones

•  Governement needs to encourage the investement in ICT infrastructure, development and experienced workers

·         Mobile phones are substitute for travel,

·         Allow price data to be distributed more quickly and easily,

·         Enable traders to reach wider markets and generally make it easier to do business

The mobile phone is also a wonderful example of a “leapfrog” technology:

has enabled developing countries to skip the fixed-line technology of the 20th century and move straight to the mobile technology of the 21^st

Mobile phones use work using radio, so there is no need to rely on physical infrastructure such as roads and phone wires

• Even Illiterate people can use and have acess to mobile phones

• There are some other examples of leapfrog technologies that can promote development—moving straight to local, small-scale electricity generation based on solar panels or biomass, for example, rather than building a centralised power-transmission grid—but there may not be very many.
•  
• Computers and broadband links are not much use without a reliable electrical supply, for example, and the latest medical gear is not terribly helpful in a country that lacks basic sanitation and health-care facilities.
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• The World Bank’s researchers looked at 28 examples of new technologies that achieved a market penetration of at least 5% in the developed world, and found that 23 of them went on to manage a penetration of over 50%.

Lavatories before laptops

         The World Bank concludes that a country’s capacity to absorb and benefit from new technology depends on the availability of more basic forms of infrastructure.         Building a fibre-optic backbone or putting plasma screens into schools may be much more glamorous than building electrical grids, sewerage systems, water pipelines, roads, railways and schools

Mobile phones and net access are helping narrow the gulf between rich and poor nations,

says a UN report.

•  The efficiencies these technologies bring has boosted development in poorer countries, said the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 
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•  Mobile phone users in developing nations now make up 58% of handset subscribers worldwide, it said. ·         But it warned that the digital divide meant that developing nations still lagged far behind richer countries
• The big gap:
•     Science and technology can drive long-term economic growth
• .  The greater use of technology in businesses, schools and at home could raise standards of living and help people prosper
• .Mobile phone had become the standard bearer for these changes.
•  In rural communities in Uganda, and the small vendors in South Africa, Senegal and Kenya mobile phones were helping traders get better prices, ensure less went to waste and sell goods faster
• Greater use of computers in small businesses in countries such as Thailand made staff boost productive,
• Net availability was ten times higher in developing nations. In 2006, net availability was only six times higher.
•  Developed countries still had many more net users and since 2002 had the gap in terms of broadband users had widened.

      Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7232264.stm

    Just as in other regions, the Arab world has witnessed a rapid diffusion of the mobile phone in recent times. For Arabs, the mobile phone is not just for personal communication; it is also a multifunctional personal device.

Mobile phones equipped with new trendy features such as Internet access, cameras, and MP3 players have become popular, particularly among Arab adolescents, who have played a very active role in adopting and appropriating multifunctional mobile communication services.

Diffusion of the Mobile Phone in the Arab World

    In Arab countries, mobile penetration rates range from 3 percent (Sudan) to 85 percent (the United Arab Emirates). About 80 percent of mobile subscribers choose the prepaid phone cards instead of fixed-term contracts because prepaid service fits with the needs of those with lower income and education (ITU 2004).

    The camera phone has become popular only recently in the Gulf countries, camera phones are among the most preferred tools among Arab youth.

    Technological improvements are continuing to place mobile phones at the forefront of emerging communication tools. There is virtually no place where Arabs do not use their mobile phones, including public buses, restaurants, offices, clinics, and streets.

Mobile Communication and Social Control and Social Tensions

    The recent emergence of mobile phones has led some scholars to argue that the use of mobile phone and SMS to exchange visual images and verbal messages is bringing about social and cultural structural processes (Katz and Aakhus 2002)

    The common argument is that mobile phone and new communication technology have the potential to change people’s social life.